IAEA chief heads to Iran as nuclear talks reach last stretch

The global nuclear watchdog said on Wednesday its boss would fly to Tehran to discuss some of the last big issues that need to be resolved so that Iran and world powers can reach a breakthrough final nuclear deal by a new deadline of next week.

Iran and six world powers gave themselves an extra week on Tuesday to reach an accord that would curb Tehran's nuclear program in exchange for relief from economic sanctions, after it became clear that a June 30 deadline would not be met. Despite the lapsed deadline, diplomats have given upbeat assessments of the prospects for a deal.

U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and Iran’s Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif held one-on-one talks on Wednesday. Zarif said the talks were making progress and would continue to do so.

Western countries suspect Iran of seeking the capability to make a nuclear weapon. Tehran says its program is peaceful. The effort to resolve the dispute has led to the most intense diplomacy between the United States and Iran since Iranian revolutionaries stormed the U.S. embassy in Tehran in 1979.

A final accord to resolve the standoff would be a major policy achievement for both U.S. President Barack Obama and Iran’s President Hassan Rowhani, but both presidents face skepticism from hardliners at home.

Obama said on Tuesday no deal would be agreed unless it blocked all Iranian pathways to developing a nuclear bomb, and ensured a robust monitoring system was in place.

Ministers and officials from the five U.N. Security Council permanent members - Britain, China, France, Russia and the United States - plus Germany have been negotiating with Iran in Vienna at late night sessions.

Among the main sticking points that remain to be resolved are issues that involve the U.N. nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency. The powers want guaranteed access by IAEA inspectors to Iranian military sites and a response to IAEA queries about Tehran’s past activities that may
have been related to weapons research.

The global body said in a statement that its chief Yukiya Amano would meet Iranian President Hassan Rowhani and other senior officials on Thursday in Iran.

Discussions would cover “how to accelerate the resolution of all outstanding issues related to Iran’s nuclear program, including clarification of possible military dimensions.”

Red lines

A senior Iranian negotiator, Deputy Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi, said of the Vienna talks: “There are still some issues that we have not been able to resolve but the atmosphere of the talks is positive.”

Western diplomats say they are nearing a resolution on access for the inspectors. Iranian officials maintain that military sites are off-limits due to a red line set by Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who wields more power than Rowhani, the elected president.

Iran has been accused of stonewalling the IAEA probe on its past activities, and Western officials have said some of the sanctions relief would depend on Iran's cooperation.

But diplomats say Iran will be reluctant to open up to IAEA investigators until the punitive sanctions are lifted.

Rowhani said on Tuesday Iran would resume suspended atomic work if the West broke its promises.

In a positive sign for the talks, Western diplomats said an IAEA report due out later on Wednesday would show that Iran had complied with a preliminary deal to reduce its low-enriched uranium stockpile. An IAEA report in May said the stockpile had increased above the required level, but the diplomats said Tehran had met a June 30 deadline to reduce it.

Deadline missed

Tuesday was also the official deadline to reach a long-term deal that would build on the preliminary agreement. With the prize tantalizingly close and the atmosphere seemingly positive, the week-long extension came as no great surprise.

A successful negotiation could help ease decades of hostility between Iran and the United States. But many U.S. allies in the region, including Israel and Saudi Arabia, are skeptical.

The French and Chinese foreign ministers are due back in Vienna on Thursday, a French diplomatic source said. All the ministers are expected to meet on Thursday to take stock.

Several diplomats said most ministers would then depart Vienna and hopefully reconvene over the weekend in a final push to secure an agreement before next Tuesday. Kerry and Zarif were expected to stay in Austria.

Diplomats have said the real deadline is not June 30 but July 9, the latest the deal can be presented to the U.S. Congress to limit to 30 days a mandatory review period before Obama can begin suspending sanctions. After that, the review would last 60 days, with growing risks a deal could unravel.